Jul 16, · During the cold war, the United States is estimated to have spent about $8 trillion in military expansion. About , Americans died during the war that was sparked by the cold war in Vietnam and Korea. The number of soldiers lost by the Soviet There are several cold war essay questions that one can get through research, or even define an original one. Several themes that describe segments of the cold war can be useful in determining a topic of discussion from your essay. When planning to write a cold war thematic essay, research on the themes that describe the cold war The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, which began following World War blogger.comians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span the Truman Doctrine (12 March ) to the Dissolution of the Soviet Union
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The Cold War — discusses the period within the Cold War from the death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in to the Cuban Missile Crisis in Following the death of Stalin, new leaders attempted to cold war research paper de-Stalinize " the Soviet Union causing unrest in the Eastern Bloc and members of the Warsaw Pact. However, this period of good happenings was only partial with an expensive arms race continuing during the period and a less alarming, but very expensive space race occurring between the two superpowers as well.
The addition of African countries to the stage of cold war, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo joining the Soviets, caused even more unrest in the west. When Harry S. Truman was succeeded in office by Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th US President inthe Democrats lost their two-decades-long control of the U. Under Eisenhower, however, the United States' Cold War policy remained essentially unchanged.
Whilst a thorough rethinking of foreign policy was launched known as " Project Solarium "the majority of emerging ideas such as a " rollback of Cold war research paper and the liberation of Eastern Europe were quickly regarded as unworkable. An underlying focus on the containment of Soviet communism remained to inform the broad approach of U.
foreign policy. While the transition from the Truman to the Eisenhower presidencies was a mild transition in character from conservative to moderatethe change in the Soviet Union was immense. With the death of Joseph Stalin who led the Soviet Union from and through the Great Patriotic War inGeorgy Malenkov was named leader of the Soviet Union. This was short lived however, as Nikita Khrushchev soon undercut all of Malenkov's authority as leader and took control of the Soviet Union himself.
Malenkov joined a failed coup against Khrushchev incold war research paper, after which he was sent to Kazakhstan. During a subsequent period of collective leadershipKhrushchev gradually consolidated his hold on power. At a speech [1] to the closed session of the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unioncold war research paper, February 25,Nikita Khrushchev shocked his listeners by denouncing Cold war research paper personality cult and the many crimes that occurred under Stalin's leadership.
Although the contents of the speech were secret, it was leaked to outsiders, thus shocking both Soviet allies and Western observers, cold war research paper. Khrushchev was later named cold war research paper of the Soviet Union in The impact that this speech had on Soviet politics was immense.
With it Khrushchev stripped his remaining Stalinist rivals of their legitimacy in a single stroke, dramatically boosting the First Party Secretary's domestic power.
Khrushchev was then able to ease restrictions, freeing some dissidents and initiating economic policies that emphasized commercial goods rather than just coal and steel production, cold war research paper. When Eisenhower entered office inhe cold war research paper committed to two possibly contradictory goals: maintaining—or even heightening—the national commitment to counter the spread of Soviet influence; and satisfying demands to balance the budget, lower taxes, and curb inflation.
The most prominent of the doctrines to emerge from this goal was "massive retaliation," which Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced early in Eschewing the costly, conventional ground forces of the Truman administration, and wielding the vast superiority of the U.
nuclear arsenal and covert intelligence, cold war research paper, Dulles defined this cold war research paper as " brinksmanship " in a January 16,interview with Life : pushing the Soviet Union to the brink of war in order to exact concessions. While the Korean armistice was cold war research paper the verge of producing significant savings in troop deployment and money, the State and Defense Departments were still in an atmosphere of rising expectations for budgetary increases.
Although unwilling to cut deeply into defense, the President also wanted a balanced budget and smaller allocations for defense. With this in mind, Eisenhower continued funding for America's innovative cultural diplomacy initiatives throughout Europe which included goodwill performances by the "soldier-musician ambassadors" of the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra.
to war— or into some form cold war research paper dictatorial government" and perhaps even force the U. to "initiate war at the most propitious moment. In the meantime, however, cold war research paper, attention was being diverted elsewhere in Asia.
The continuing pressure from the "China lobby" or "Asia firsters," who cold war research paper insisted on active efforts to restore Chiang Kai-shek to power was still a strong domestic influence on foreign policy. In April Senator Robert A. Taft and other powerful Congressional Republicans suddenly called for the immediate replacement of the top chiefs of the Pentagon, particularly the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley.
To the so-called "China lobby" and Taft, Bradley was seen as having leanings toward a Europe-first orientation, meaning that he would be a possible barrier to new departures in military policy that they favored. Another factor was the vitriolic accusations of McCarthyismwhere large portions of the U. government allegedly contained covert communist agents or sympathizers. But after the mid-term elections in —and censure by the Senate—the influence of Joseph McCarthy ebbed after his unpopular accusations against the Army.
I think most of our people cannot understand that we are actually at war, cold war research paper. They need to hear shells. They are not psychologically prepared for the concept that you can have a war when you don't have actual fighting. The administration attempted to reconcile the conflicting pressures from the "Asia firsters" and pressures to cut federal spending while continuing cold war research paper fight the Cold War effectively.
On May 8,cold war research paper, the President and his top advisors tackled this problem in "Operation Solarium", named after the White House sunroom where the president conducted secret discussions. Although it was not traditional to ask military men to consider factors outside their professional discipline, the President instructed the group to strike a proper balance between his goals to cut government spending and an ideal military posture.
The group weighed three policy options for the next year's military budget: the Truman-Acheson approach of containment and reliance on conventional forces; threatening to respond to limited Soviet "aggression" in one location with nuclear weapons; and serious "liberation" based on an economic response to the Soviet political-military-ideological challenge to Western hegemony: propaganda campaigns and psychological warfare.
The third option was strongly rejected. Eisenhower and the group consisting of Allen DullesWalter Bedell SmithC. Jacksonand Robert Cutler instead opted for a combination of the first two, one that confirmed the validity of containment, but with reliance on the American air-nuclear deterrent, cold war research paper. This was geared toward avoiding cold war research paper and unpopular ground wars, such as Korea. The Eisenhower administration viewed atomic weapons as an integral part of U.
defense, hoping that they would bolster the relative capabilities of the U. vis-à-vis the Soviet Union. The administration also reserved the prospects of using them, in effect, as a weapon of first resort, hoping to gain the initiative while reducing costs. By wielding the nation's nuclear superiority, the new Eisenhower-Dulles approach was a cheaper form of containment geared toward offering Americans "more bang for the buck. Thus, the administration increased the number of nuclear warheads from 1, in to 18, by early Despite overwhelming U.
superiority, one additional nuclear weapon was produced each day. The administration also exploited new technology. In the eight-engined B Stratofortress bomber, the first true jet bomber designed to carry nuclear weapons, was developed. Inthe U. deployed 15 Jupiter IRBMs intermediate-range ballistic missiles at İzmirTurkeyaimed at the western USSR's cities, cold war research paper, including Moscow.
Given its 1,mile 2, km range, Moscow was only 16 minutes away. The U. could also launch 1,mile 1, km -range Polaris SLBMs from submerged submarines, cold war research paper. Inthe United States had more than eight times as many bombs and missile warheads as the USSR: 27, to 3, During the Cuban Missile Crisis the U.
had Atlas and 62 Titan I ICBMsmostly in hardened underground silos. Allen Dulles, along with most U. foreign policy-makers of the era, considered many Third World nationalists and "revolutionaries" as being essentially under the influence, if not control, of the Warsaw Pact. Ironically, in War, Peace, and Changehe had called Mao Zedong an "agrarian reformer," and during World War II he had deemed Mao's followers "the so called 'Red Army faction'.
In War or Peacean influential work denouncing the containment policies of the Truman administration, and espousing an active program of "liberation," he writes:. Soviet Communist leadership has won a victory in China which surpassed what Japan was seeking and we risked war to avert. Behind the scenes, Dulles could explain his policies in terms of geopolitics.
But publicly, he used the moral and religious reasons that he believed Americans preferred to hear, even though he was often criticized by observers at home and overseas for his strong language. Two of the leading figures of the interwar and early Cold War period who viewed international relations from a " realist " perspective, diplomat George Kennan and theologian Reinhold Niebuhrwere troubled by Dulles' moral-ism and the method by which he analyzed Soviet behavior.
Kennan agreed the argument that the Soviets even had a world design after Stalin's death, being far more concerned with maintaining control of their own bloc. But the underlying assumptions of a monolithic world communism, directed from the Kremlin, of the Truman-Acheson containment after the drafting of NSC [2] were essentially compatible with those of the Eisenhower-Dulles foreign policy.
The conclusions of Paul Nitze 's National Security Council policy paper were as follows:. What is new, what makes the continuing crisis, is the polarization of power which inescapably confronts the slave society with the free the Soviet Union, cold war research paper, unlike previous aspirants to hegemony, is animated by a new fanatic faith, antithetical to our own, and seeks to impose its absolute authority In the minds of the Soviet leaders, however, achievement of this design requires the dynamic extension of their authority To that end Soviet efforts are now directed toward the domination of the Eurasian land mass.
Prior to his election inDwight D. Eisenhower was already displeased with the manner that Harry S. Truman had handled the war in Korea. After the United States secured a resolution from the United Nations to engage in military defense on behalf of South Koreawhom had been invaded by North Korea in an attempt to unify all of Korea under the communist North Korean regime, President Truman engaged U.
land, air, and sea forces; [18] United States involvement in the war quickly reversed the direction of military advancement into South Korea to military advancement into North Korea; to the point that North Korean forces were being forced against the border with China, which led to the involvement of hundreds of thousands of communist Chinese troops heavily assaulting U.
and South Korean forces. Eisenhower's investigation consisted of meeting with South Korean troops, commanders, and government officials, after his meetings Eisenhower concluded, "we could not stand forever on a static front and continue to accept casualties without any visible results. Small attacks on small hills would not end this war". This, coupled with the United States' threat of using nuclear weapons if the war did not end soon, led to the signing of an armistice on July 27, The armistice concluded the United States initial Cold War concept of "limited war".
agreement prevented communism spreading from North Korea to South Korea. United States involvement in the Korean War demonstrated its readiness to the world to rally to the aid of nations under invasion, cold war research paper. particularly communistic invasion, and resulted in President Eisenhower's empowered image as an effective leader against tyranny; this ultimately led to a strengthened position of the United States in Europe and guided the development of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union was an integral component of the Cold War. Contrary to the Nuclear arms raceit was a peaceful competition in which the two powers could demonstrate their technological and theoretical advancements over the other. The Soviet Union was the first nation to enter the space realm with their launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, cold war research paper,
The Cold War: Crash Course US History #37
, time: 13:34U.S. Foreign Affairs Research | National Archives
Jul 26, · The Department of State is designated as the agency to lead in the overall direction, coordination, and supervision of United States foreign policy and foreign relations, but records relating to various foreign policy issues are found among the files of other agencies, too. Since World War II, a "community" of agencies has evolved to deal specifically with certain specialized foreign policy The Cold War was a period of tension and hostility between the United States of America and the Soviet Union from the mids to the late 80s. It began with the end of the Second World War. It was called the Cold War because there was no active war between the two nations, which was probably due to the fear of nuclear escalation The Cold War (–) discusses the period within the Cold War from the death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in to the Cuban Missile Crisis in Following the death of Stalin, new leaders attempted to "de-Stalinize" the Soviet Union causing unrest in the Eastern Bloc and members of the Warsaw blogger.com spite of this there was a calming of international tensions, the evidence of
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