Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded Master Thesis Bridges contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory Master Thesis Bridges to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website/10() You can easily Master Thesis Bridges find a cheap essay writing service online. However, you have to make sure that you are contacting a cheap but professional essay writing service. Master Thesis Bridges When you only look for Master Thesis Bridges a cheap service, you might end up with a fraudulent website. Along with that, the paper you will Structural analysis and design of concrete bridges Current modelling procedures and impact on design Master of Science Thesis in the Master's Programme Structural Engineering and Building Performance Design. Piotr Poraj Górski. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper
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Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Structural analysis and design of concrete bridges Current modelling procedures and impact on design Master of Science Thesis in the Master's Programme Structural Engineering and Building Performance Design.
Piotr Poraj Górski, master thesis bridges. Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper. In Sweden such an analysis is today required to account for the structural response in its entirety, implying a demand for three-dimensional 3D models capable of describing the force distribution in longitudinal and transverse directions, master thesis bridges.
To account for structural behaviour in a model there is an abundance of different modelling techniques which can be utilised. With modern user-friendly 3D finite element analysis software the amount of available modelling techniques becomes even more apparent. This thesis investigates master thesis bridges methods for 3D structural analysis of concrete bridges at a design stage.
The aim is to illuminate differences and the impact different modelling procedures and choices made in the modelling process has on master thesis bridges resulting design of a bridge. Case studies have been performed where different modelling techniques was investigated, master thesis bridges.
Different models have been established and the results from structural analyses compared. Resulting sectional forces and reinforcement design show only small differences between different modelling techniques.
The results show that the choice of structural model for analysis at a design stage has little impact on the results, master thesis bridges. Such parameters are for master thesis bridges user friendliness, verifiability and interpretation of results. The results also indicate that there is a lack of established procedures and guidelines for modelling and verification.
Such guidelines would simplify the work for engineers when establishing structural analysis models and set the foundation for collaboration and common working procedures within the industry. Trafikverket ställer sedan införandet av bronormen TK-bro krav på att en sådan modell ska kunna beskriva konstruktionens verkningssätt i sin helhet.
I praktiken innebär detta att tredimensionella 3D modeller efterfrågas, där kraftfördelningen erhålls i relevanta riktningar. Det finns flera metoder för master thesis bridges ta hänsyn till en konstruktions verkningssätt vid modellering. Detta märks inte minst vid 3D-modellering där modern finit element- programvara ger användaren stora möjligheter att upprätta och styra en modells verkningssätt.
Det här examensarbetet undersöker olika metoder för 3D strukturanalys av betongbroar vid dimensionering. Målet är att belysa skillnader och undersöka vilken inverkan på utformning master thesis bridges val gjorda vid modellering har på den slutliga utformningen av konstruktionen.
Fallstudier, där skillnader mellan olika modelleringstekniker studeras, har utförts. Resultat från upprättade systemmodeller har studerats och jämförts. Endast små skillnader mellan resulterande snittkrafter och armeringsutformning har kunnat påvisas. Resultaten tyder på att valet av strukturmodell har liten inverkan på resultatet.
Så länge direkta fel i modellen undviks visar resultaten på att andra parametrar än modellens noggrannhet är viktigare vid modellens utformning, master thesis bridges, exempelvis användarvänlighet och möjligheten att verifiera och tolka resultat, master thesis bridges.
Vidare har det identifierats en avsaknad av etablerade riktlinjer för modellering och verifiering av strukturanalysmodeller. Sådana riktlinjer skulle förenkla arbetet för konstruktörer och granskare samt sätta grunden för tydligare, master thesis bridges, branschgemensamma arbetsätt vid konstruktionsarbete. The thesis has been written at the Bridge- and Civil group of Skanska Teknik in Göteborg in collaboration with the division of Structural Engineering at Chalmers. When designing bridges it is today required that a structural analysis describes the actions of the structure in its entirety.
In practice this means that a 3D-model has to be established. However, master thesis bridges, the practice of using 3D-models for design has only recently been widespread and therefore the practice lacks clear guidelines as to how a model should be established. Therefore, several procedures exist and often differ between different companies, master thesis bridges, level of education and designer. By investigating different modelling procedures and comparing the results it is the aim of this thesis to illustrate some differences which arise when a model is established.
It has from the beginning been my wish as author that this work may master thesis bridges to some use for practicing engineers. The aim of the thesis was not master thesis bridges thoroughly investigate all aspects of structural analysis, but rather to illuminate the difficulties of structural analysis, and the impact a structural model has on the design. In the thesis the structural analysis master thesis bridges of two common types of bridges are studied in order to determine differences.
In short, the results showed that it is more important to avoid errors when modelling than it is to model with complete accuracy. Examiner and supervisor from the University for the thesis has been associate professor PhD Mario Plos. PhD Helén Broo has served as supervisor from Skanska Master thesis bridges, whose assistance with everything from modelling and design of bridges to report writing and presentation of results has proved invaluable.
Everyone else at Skanska Teknik should also be thanked for providing a stimulating and inspiring working environment during which this thesis was written. The knowledge I have gained during the writing of this thesis has given me confidence to begin my career as a practising structural engineer.
It is my hope that at least parts of the work in this thesis may serve as an inspiration to anyone who reads it. The purpose of the analysis is to find a distribution of sectional forces which fulfils equilibrium and is suitable for design.
In the past structural analyses were often done with simplified models, for example two-dimensional 2D equivalent beam or frame models. Such a model is not able to describe the distribution of forces in transversal directions. Therefore a design according to a 2D equivalent model will not be according to the true linear elastic distribution, even though the design might fulfil requirements in ultimate limit state ULS after sufficient plastic redistribution.
With the recent introduction of Eurocode and the Swedish Transport Administrations, Trafikverkets, new technical requirements for bridges TK Bro, Trafikverket athe demands on structural analysis has been updated.
A model for structural analysis has to be able to describe the response of the structure in its entirety. In practice this implies that 2D equivalent models are not sufficient and a 3D analysis describing the forces in multiple directions is needed. Figure 1. Example of documents governing structural analysis and design of concrete bridges in Sweden. From the left: SS-EN Eurocode 1 Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges, SS-ENSS-EN Eurocode 2 Part Design of concrete structures — General rules and rules for master thesis bridges, SS-ENSS-EN Eurocode master thesis bridges Part 2: Design of concrete structures — Concrete bridges — Design and detailing rules, SS-EN and TK Bro, technical requirements for bridges in Sweden, Trafikverket a.
Even though 3D-models have been used for design of bridges to a varying degree for quite some time, it is only recently that it actually has been set as a requirement.
In order to cope with these demands new methods are master thesis bridges for structural analysis. Generally these methods are more sophisticated and advanced e. The choices available in the modelling procedure are large; hence the same structure can be modelled in several different ways. This thesis aimed towards investigating and illuminating some effects these choices in establishing a structural model might have on the design of master thesis bridges structure.
The study was focused on concrete road bridges, though several of the concepts and modelling procedures are general and should be master thesis bridges to other types of concrete structures, master thesis bridges.
This has been done in order to investigate and illuminate actual differences between modelling procedures and how choices made in a modelling stage impact the resulting design of reinforcement in a reinforced concrete road bridge. The bridges are designed according to the different models and current praxis. Sectional forces and the resulting designs are compared in order to illustrate the impact different choices in a modelling stage have on resulting design.
The established models are chosen on basis of a short literature study where handbooks and articles concerning finite element modelling and design of concrete structures and bridges are studied. The survey focuses on current modelling procedures and covers some possible choices in a modelling stage. In addition to the Abaqus CAE graphical users interface which allows for complex geometry modelling, the software uses well-developed methods for handling traffic loads and load combinations.
This makes it suitable for state-of-the-art bridge modelling, which is why the software is widely used for analyses of bridges in Sweden. Since the current practice in design of concrete bridges involves linear elastic analysis, non-linear analysis will not be included in the thesis. The thesis has for time-constraint reasons been limited to analysis of the superstructure only.
Calculation of required reinforcement amounts has been performed for the main reinforcement in longitudinal and transverse directions. The substructure has been included in the master thesis bridges models, though results from substructure construction elements have not been analysed.
In the chapter the concepts of linear elastic modelling and finite element method are also presented. Chapter master thesis bridges concerns design of bridges on the basis of a linear elastic structural analysis model and, more specifically, reinforcement design according to element sectional forces.
For those not familiar with traffic loading on bridges a short introduction to load models according to Eurocode is also presented. Chapter 4 introduces modelling and problem areas identified in literature when establishing structural analysis models with finite element method FEM.
Presented issues concerns modelling of corner and discontinuity regions, modelling of soil- structure interaction, modelling of haunches and load application procedures. In the chapter issues concerning choice of elements are also briefly presented. Chapter 5 describes investigation and results of different modelling procedures for an integral slab frame bridge.
The chapter presents modelling from a practical point of view, presents differences between structural analysis models and the impact different models has on resulting sectional forces and design. Short reflections on the results are also presented. Chapter 6 describes investigation of a double beam bridge.
Two models are investigated for modelling of the bridge deck and main beams; a combination of beam and shell elements and modelling with a box-like spatial assembly of shell elements. Chapter 7 summarizes and presents discussions on results and recommendations for further work, master thesis bridges. This can be of interest for many reasons, where the most common are design of new structures or assessment of existing ones.
In design one aims towards providing a distribution of sectional forces, see Figure 2. In the current European design code for concrete structures, Eurocode 2, SS-EN 2four examples of methods for structural analysis are presented. This means that it is only the non-linear analysis which accurately predicts the behaviour of the structure in service state, and the mode of ultimate failure.
However, the non-linear analysis requires substantial effort in establishment and post- processing of the model, as well as a large computational effort. It also requires the knowledge of the complete layout of the structure beforehand, making it a method suitable for accurate assessment of existing structures but not suitable for design purposes since this knowledge is not available at a design stage.
Another major drawback for non-linear modelling in a design stage of reinforced concrete bridges is that non-linear analysis does not allow for load superposition.
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